London is the capital city of England and the United Kingdom. The capital of England and located on the River Thames, London is an urban metropolis with a rich history and a distinct culture that easily ranks it as one of the most important cultural and economic centers in the world. The possibilities in London are endless. As London has an abundance of sights and activities to offer, a day of exploring simply isn't enough. There are many things to see including Harrods, the Tower of London, and the Changing of the Guard at Buckingham Palace. Discover incredible English attractions outside of London as well, such as iconic Stonehendge, traditional and historical English castles, and even the landscape and sights presented to the world through the Harry Potter movies. London has the potential to be one of the most fulfilling travel destinations in your life.
Tax-free Goods
From 1 January 2021, the UK government ended tax-free sales in airports, ports and Eurostar stations.
This means you cannot buy tax-free goods such as electronics and clothing if you are travelling to non-EU countries.
VAT refunds for overseas visitors in British shops have now been removed.
Overseas visitors can still buy items VAT-free in store and have them sent direct to overseas addresses.
Claiming VAT refunds on items you can take home in your luggage has also ended.
🚇 London Underground ("The Tube")
🚌 London Buses
🚆 National Rail & Overground
🚲 Cycling
🚕 Taxis & Ride-Sharing
🚶♀️ Walking
🚤 River Bus (Thames Clippers)
🧭 Travel Tips
The Tube
The London Underground is a rapid transit system serving Greater London and some parts of the adjacent home counties of Buckinghamshire, Essex and Hertfordshire in England.
How to Pay
Pay the transportation fee for Tube using any of these methods listed below. The cost is the same no matter which form of payment is used.
Always use the same form (same card, do not switch between two different payments) of payment the entire day. Example: If you use your smart phone to pay, continue using that form of payment the entire day. Do not switch to using a credit card, apple watch or something else, the barrier has no way of knowing it is you tapping out or in the rest of the day. This will eliminate extra fees which tend to be extremely high.
Using Train Station Barrier
To make a payment, tap the barrier at the beginning and end of your train ride with your form of payment. Once you hear a beep, you are good to go. The Daily cap is £8.10 for the entire day. So, to get the daily cap benefit you need to follow all the above steps. The Daily Cap is subject to change without notice.
Travel With Children
Children under 11 travel free on buses and trams. Children under 11 also travel free on Tube, DLR, London Overground, Elizabeth line and some National Rail services when accompanied by a fare-paying adult (up to four children per adult).
If you're travelling with children aged 11-15, buy a Visitor Oyster card before you leave home and, when you arrive in London, you can ask a member of our staff to add a Young Visitor discount to a Visitor Oyster card at:
💳Credit cards and contactless payments
Most credit and debit cards are widely accepted in restaurants, bars, cafes and shops in London. Although, it is advised to carry an alternative payment method with you during your visit.
Contactless payment cards are widely used in the UK, and many businesses accept them. Contactless payments are limited to £100 per transaction. Travellers can use a contactless card instead of an Oyster card on public transport in London. Google Pay and Apple Pay on phones are also accepted on Transport for London services.
Contactless payments on non-UK cards may incur an overseas transaction fee. Fees vary by card and by bank, so check with your card issuer before tapping your contactless card in London.
💰Currency
The official currency in the United Kingdom is the British Pound (£). . Make sure you have British Pounds since the usd and euros are not excepted. There is also a currency exchange office inside the terminal buildings.
💷Money
There are 100 pence (p) to the pound (£). UK banknotes come in denominations of £5, £10, £20 and £50. Coins come in 1p, 2p, 5p, 10p, 20p, 50p, £1 and £2.
The latest on GBP to USD exchange rates: One British pound currently exchanges at a rate of 1.19 USD. To see the latest exchange rate and compare historic rates year on year, head over to our exchange rates page. Go to Xe Currency Converter - Live Exchange Rates Today
🗣️Money talks: speak like a Londoner
You will usually hear British people say "pee" rather than pence, as in 50p (50 pee). More colloquially, £1 is known as a "quid", a £5 note is a "fiver" and a £10 note a "tenner".
🏧Cash machines (ATMs)
London has lots of cash machines (also known as cashpoints or ATMs) dotted around the city. Most cash machines accept international cards, but make sure to check with your bank or card issuer before you travel.
If you have a non-UK bank account, you will almost certainly have to pay a charge when you withdraw cash. Contact your bank before travelling to find out details.
Some corner shops, small supermarkets, pubs and bars have cash machines, but these often charge a fee for a transaction. If the cash machine charges a fee, it will tell you what the fee is and give you the opportunity to cancel the transaction before you're charged.
😀Tipping
Tipping is appreciated but not always appropriate in London. There are some situations where it is customary, for example in restaurants. However, tips in the UK are discretionary and depend on the quality of the service you receive.
😊Tipping in London's restaurants
It is customary to leave 10 to 15% of the bill when eating out. However, restaurants often add on a service charge (usually 12.5%), especially if you're in a large group, so it's worth checking your bill if you don't want to tip twice.
It's not customary to pay a tip (or gratuities) for fast food, self-service or takeaway meals.
Many contactless or chip and pin payment machines have an option to add on a tip so you do not have to leave it in cash.
Top tip: Although restaurants (and other businesses) should make their policy clear, it's worth checking with your waiter that they will personally receive your tip rather than the company – particularly if you're paying by credit card.
🙂Tipping in bars and pubs
People generally do not tip in bars and pubs in London. Bartenders sometimes hand back change on a tipping tray, although it's still up to you to choose to leave a tip.
😆 Tipping in London hotels
If there's no service charge added to your bill in a hotel restaurant, it's customary to tip as for any other restaurant (10 to 15% of the bill).
For room cleaning staff, you can leave an amount of your choosing on departure. Tips in the UK for other hotel staff such as concierges and door staff are discretionary and are most commonplace for porters.
There’s a saying in England, “There's no such thing as bad weather, only unsuitable clothing.” Since the weather in London is so unpredictable, make sure you bring an umbrella and jacket that fits the season you will be traveling.
Each season in London showcases the city in a different way. The city blossoms with flowers as a sign of spring. Summer is full of longer days as the sun shows its face from time to time to give a little sunshine, while rich hues of orange, red and yellow make autumn irresistible. When winter approches, the city’s streets and parks light up in a festive display.
Spring (March - May)
As London transitions from winter to spring, the weather can vary from warm and sunny to cold and rainy. On average, daily highs range from 53°F (12°C) to 64°F (18°C) with lows between 43°F (6°C) and 55°F (13°C). When packing for a trip to London in the spring, bring a warm jacket and some layers so you can easily adapt to the changing weather.
Summer (June - August)
Summers in London are generally mild and pleasant, but not without occasional rain showers. Day are long with high temperatures around 70°F (21°C) to 73°F (23°C) degrees and lows around 59°F (15°C). While you can leave the winter wear at home, we recommend packing a light jacket or sweater for chilly summer evenings.
Autumn (September - November)
Warm summer weather usually lasts through September before the temperatures begin to drop sharply in October. Expect highs ranging from 68°F (20°C) down to 53°F (12°C), with lows around 50°F (10°C). Autumn is usually London’s rainiest season, so be prepared for wet weather!
Winter (December - February)
Winters in London are characterized by cold and often rainy weather. The average high between December and February is 48°F (9°C) and the average low is 41°F (5°C). However, freezing temperatures are not uncommon and snow is not unheard of. Be sure to pack a winter coat along with a hat, gloves a
London is generally a safe city for travelers, but like any major urban area, it’s important to stay alert and take sensible precautions. Here's a comprehensive overview of the current safety situation and practical tips to help you stay safe while visiting:
🛡️ Current Safety Situation in London
Top Safety Tips for Travelers
🏨 Hotel Safety
🚶♀️ Out and About
🚖 Transport Safety
🍸 Bars & Restaurants
📱 Personal Belongings
🚨 Emergency Contacts
Sightseeing in London offers a rich mix of iconic landmarks, historic sites, and hidden gems. Here's a curated guide to help you explore the city, whether it's your first visit or you're looking to go deeper:
🏰 Must-See Landmarks
These are the classics that define London:
🖼️ Museums & Galleries (Mostly Free!)
🌉 Scenic Spots & Views
🚶♀️ Walking Tours & Neighborhoods
🚇 Unique Experiences
London has so much more to offer beyond the typical tourist spots like Buckingham Palace and the London Eye. Here are some off-the-beaten-path activities that can give you a more unique and local experience:
🌿 Nature & Outdoors
🏛️ Hidden History & Culture
🎨 Art & Creativity
🍽️ Food & Drink
🕵️♀️ Unusual Experiences
London makes a great base for day trips since so many historic towns, castles, and countryside spots are just a short train or coach ride away. Here are some of the best options:
🌟 Historic & Iconic Cities
Oxford – Famous for its prestigious university, stunning colleges, and charming old streets. You can tour the Bodleian Library, Christ Church College (a Harry Potter filming site), and enjoy punting on the river.
Cambridge – Another world-class university town with beautiful college courtyards, the River Cam (perfect for punting), and a relaxed academic vibe.
Bath – Known for Roman Baths, Georgian architecture, and the stunning Bath Abbey. The whole city is UNESCO-listed.
Canterbury – A medieval gem with the magnificent Canterbury Cathedral, quaint cobbled streets, and literary history.
🏰 Castles & Palaces
Windsor – Just under an hour from London, home to Windsor Castle, the world’s largest and oldest inhabited castle and a favorite royal residence.
Leeds Castle (Kent) – A fairytale-like castle surrounded by a moat, often called the “loveliest castle in the world.”
Hampton Court Palace – Once Henry VIII’s royal residence, with stunning Tudor kitchens, gardens, and a famous hedge maze.
🌳 Countryside & Scenic Escapes
The Cotswolds – Charming villages with honey-colored stone cottages, rolling hills, and traditional English pubs.
Stratford-upon-Avon – Birthplace of Shakespeare, full of half-timbered houses and theatres.
The New Forest – A peaceful national park with wild ponies, cycling paths, and quaint villages.
⚔️ History & Mysteries
Stonehenge – The world-famous prehistoric stone circle, often paired with a visit to Salisbury Cathedral.
Warwick Castle – A medieval fortress turned interactive attraction with jousting shows and dungeons.
🌊 Coastal Getaways
Brighton – A lively seaside town with a pebble beach, colorful pier, and the exotic Royal Pavilion.
Whitstable – A small coastal town known for oysters, seafood, and a relaxed beach vibe.
🚆 Most of these are 1–2 hours from London by train, making them very doable in a single day.
London is a treasure trove for unique and meaningful souvenirs. Whether you're shopping for yourself or gifts for others, here are some of the best things to buy in London—from classic British staples to quirky finds you won’t get anywhere else:
🫖 Food & Drink
👗 Fashion & Accessories
🎨 Art & Collectibles
🎁 Quirky & Fun Souvenirs
London is a vintage shopper’s dream, with markets offering everything from retro fashion to antique homeware. Here are some of the top vintage markets to explore:
🧥 Brick Lane Vintage Market – East London
🛍️ Portobello Road Market – Notting Hill
🪑 Alfies Antique Market – Lisson Grove
🧵 Camden Passage Market – Islington
🧸 Haynes Lane Market – Crystal Palace
🧳 Old Spitalfields Market – Shoreditch
London is a fantastic city for food lovers, offering everything from traditional British fare to global cuisine. Here’s a guide to must-try foods while you're in London:
Classic British Dishes
Fish and Chips
Full English Breakfast
Sunday Roast with Yorkshire Pudding
Pie and Mash
Bangers and Mash
🫖 Afternoon Tea
🌍 International Flavors
London’s diversity shines through its food:
🧁 Sweet Treats
🧀 Cheese & Snacks
In London, when you hear the term "black sausage", it's almost certainly referring to black pudding, a traditional British blood sausage.
🧄 What Is Black Pudding?
Black pudding is made from:
It’s already cooked when sold, but typically fried or grilled before serving. It’s a staple in a full English breakfast, often served alongside eggs, bacon, beans, and toast.
🧠 Taste & Texture
🥇 Where to Try It in London
You can find black pudding at:
🥣 Fun Fact
Black pudding has been called a superfood due to its high iron and protein content, though it’s also high in saturated fat
London is a treasure trove of vibrant markets where you can shop, eat, and soak in the city's unique atmosphere. Here are some of the best markets in London for both shopping and dining:
🧀 Borough Market – London Bridge
🎭 Covent Garden Market – Central London
🌸 Columbia Road Flower Market – Bethnal Green
🎸 Camden Market – Camden Town
Here are some of the best places to buy British tea in London, whether you're looking for a luxurious gift, a unique blend, or a classic English Breakfast:
🏛️ Historic & Iconic Tea Shops
Twinings (The Strand)
Fortnum & Mason (Piccadilly)
The East India Company (Mayfair)
🍵 Boutique & Artisan Tea Shops
Postcard Teas (Mayfair)
Good & Proper Tea (Leather Lane)
Bird & Blend Tea Co. (Borough & Angel)
🛍️ Department Stores & Chains
Whittard of Chelsea (Multiple Locations)
Harrods (Knightsbridge)
🧭 Local Favorites & Hidden Gems
The Tea House (Covent Garden)
London Tea Exchange (Brick Lane)